For implementers, the locking model adds a fair amount of non-trivial internal bookkeeping. Every operation must check lock state, readers must be tracked, and the interplay between locks, cancellation, and error states creates a matrix of edge cases that must all be handled correctly.
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适用场景：需要求「下一个更大/更小」「上一个更大/更小」、或「右侧第一个满足某条件的元素」时，可优先考虑单调栈。与堆不同，单调栈不负责全局最值，只处理「相邻关系」类的一维序列问题。
quickSortRecursive(arr, pivotIdx + 1, high); // 排序右半部分